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This a complete list of Presidents of the Philippines that consists of the 14 heads of state in the history of the Philippines. The list includes Presidents who were inaugurated as President of the Philippines following the ratification of a constitution that explicitly declares the existence of the Philippines.
For leaders of the Philippines prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, see Datu. For leaders prior to the ratification of the 1899 constitution, see Royal Governor of the Philippines. For leaders prior to the ratification of the 1935 constitution, see Governor-General of the Philippines.
Note that the Presidents under the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under American sovereignty, and that of the Second Republic is considered to be a puppet government of the Japanese during World War II. Thus the Philippines had three Presidents during that war - one de facto and two de jure, and two at the same time.
The First Republic and the Second Republic are not a part of the existing Constitutional succession (begun in 1935), and as such not counted in the order of terms.
The colors indicate the political party or coalition of each President at Election Day or at the time ascendance.
The King of Spain (1565-1898) and the President of the United States (1898-1946) were the heads of state before independence was granted by the United States on July 4, 1946. Emilio Aguinaldo's government was unrecognized by several states, but is considered as head of states among Filipinos; the puppet government during the Japanese occupation was considered independent by the Japanese.
[edit] List of Presidents
| # |
President |
Took office |
Left office |
Party |
Vice President |
Term |
Era |
| 1 |
|
Emilio Aguinaldo |
January 23, 1899 |
April 1, 1901[1] |
none
(Magdalo faction of the Katipunan) |
none
(The 1899 Constitution did not provide for a Vice President) |
- |
First Dictatorship |
| First Republic |
Defunct
Due to the leadership of the Governors of the Philippine Islands from April 1, 1901 to November 15, 1935. |
| 2 |
|
Manuel L. Quezon |
November 15, 1935 |
August 1, 1944[2] |
Nacionalista |
Sergio Osmeña |
1 |
Commonwealth |
| 2 |
| 3 |
|
José P. Laurel |
October 14, 1943 |
August 14, 1945[3] |
Kalibapi[4]
(Caretaker government under Japanese occupation) |
none
(The 1943 Constitution did not provide for a Vice President.) |
- |
Second Republic |
| 4 |
|
Sergio Osmeña |
August 1, 1944 |
May 28, 1946 |
Nacionalista |
vacant |
2 |
Commonwealth
(Restored) |
| 5 |
|
Manuel Roxas |
May 28, 1946 |
April 15, 1948[5] |
Liberal |
Elpidio Quirino |
3 |
| Third Republic |
| 6 |
|
Elpidio Quirino |
April 17, 1948 |
December 30, 1953 |
Liberal |
vacant |
| Fernando Lopez |
4 |
| 7 |
|
Ramon Magsaysay |
December 30, 1953 |
March 17, 1957[6] |
Nacionalista |
Carlos P. Garcia |
5 |
| 8 |
|
Carlos P. Garcia |
March 18, 1957 |
December 30, 1961 |
vacant |
| Diosdado Macapagal |
6 |
| 9 |
|
Diosdado Macapagal |
December 30, 1961 |
December 30, 1965 |
Liberal |
Emmanuel Pelaez |
7 |
| 10 |
|
Ferdinand Marcos |
December 30, 1965 |
February 25, 1986[7] |
Nacionalista |
Fernando Lopez |
8 |
| 9 |
| |
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan |
vacant |
10 |
Second Dictatorship
"The New Society" |
| 11 |
Fourth Republic |
| Arturo Tolentino |
12 |
| 11 |
|
Corazon Aquino |
February 25, 1986[8] |
June 30, 1992 |
United Nationalists Democratic Organizations |
Salvador Laurel |
| Fifth Republic |
| 12 |
|
Fidel V. Ramos |
June 30, 1992 |
June 30, 1998 |
Lakas-National Union of Christian Democrats-United Muslim Democrats of the Philippines |
Joseph Estrada |
13 |
| 13 |
|
Joseph Estrada |
June 30, 1998 |
January 20, 2001[9] |
Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino
(Partido ng Masang Pilipino-led coalition) |
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo |
14 |
| 14 |
|
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo |
January 20, 2001 |
Present |
Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats |
vacant
Teofisto Guingona |
Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan
(Lakas-CMD-led coalition) |
Noli de Castro |
15 |
- ^ Term ended when Aguinaldo pledged allegiance to the United States after his capture at Palanan, Isabela.
- ^ Died due to tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York.
- ^ Term ended with his dissolving the Philippine Republic in the wake of the surrender of Japanese forces to the Americans at World War II.
- ^ Originally a Nacionalista, but was elected by the National Assembly under Japanese control. All parties were merged under Japanese auspices to form Kalibapi, to which all officials belonged.
- ^ Died due to a heart attack at Clark Air Base.
- ^ Died on a plane crash at Mount Manunggal, Cebu
- ^ Deposed on the 1986 EDSA Revolution.
- ^ Assumed presidency by claiming victory in the disputed 1986 snap election.
- ^ Deposed after the Supreme Court declared Estrada as resigned, and the office of the presidency as vacant as a result, after the 2001 EDSA Revolution.
[edit] Statistics
- Longest serving President: Ferdinand Marcos (5,259 days)
- Shortest serving President: Jose P. Laurel (479 days)
[edit] References
[edit] See also
